इतिहास / HISTORY

                                                                                प्रश्न–पत्र II / Paper II

निर्धारित समय: तीन घंटे                                                                                        अधिकतम अंक : 250

Time Allowed: Three Hours                                          Maximum Marks: 250

                                          प्रश्न–पत्र सम्बन्धी विशेष अनुदेश

कृपया प्रश्नों के उत्तर देने से पूर्व निम्नलिखित प्रत्येक अनुदेश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें :

इसमें आठ प्रश्न हैं जो दो खण्डों में विभाजित हैं तथा हिन्दी और अंग्रेज़ी दोनों में छपे हुए हैं।

परीक्षार्थी को कुल पाँच प्रश्नों के उत्तर देने हैं।

प्रश्न संख्या 1 और 5 अनिवार्य हैं तथा बाकी प्रश्नों में से प्रत्येक खण्ड से कम–से–कम एक प्रश्न चुनकर किन्हीं तीन प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें।

प्रत्येक प्रश्न / भाग के अंक उसके सामने दिए गए हैं।

प्रश्नों के उत्तर उसी प्राधिकृत माध्यम में लिखे जाने चाहिए जिसका उल्लेख आपके प्रवेश–पत्र में किया गया है, और इस माध्यम का स्पष्ट उल्लेख प्रश्न– सह – उत्तर (क्यू.सी.ए.) पुस्तिका के मुख पृष्ठ पर निर्दिष्ट स्थान पर किया जाना चाहिए। प्राधिकृत माध्यम के अतिरिक्त अन्य किसी माध्यम में लिखे गए उत्तर पर कोई अंक नहीं मिलेंगे।

प्रश्नों में शब्द सीमा, जहाँ विनिर्दिष्ट हैं, का अनुसरण किया जाना चाहिए ।

प्रश्नों के उत्तरों की गणना क्रमानुसार की जाएगी। यदि काटा नहीं हो, तो प्रश्न के उत्तर की गणना की जाएगी चाहे वह उत्तर अंशतः दिया गया हो । प्रश्न –सह– उत्तर (क्यू.सी.ए.) पुस्तिका में खाली छोड़ा हुआ पृष्ठ या उसके अंश को स्पष्ट रूप से काटा जाना चाहिए।

                                  Question Paper Specific Instructions

Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions:

There are EIGHT questions divided in TWO SECTIONS and printed both in HINDI and in ENGLISH.

Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.Questions no. 1 and 5 are compulsory and out of the remaining, any THREE are to be attempted choosing at least ONE question from each section.

The number of marks carried by a question / part is indicated against it.

Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the Admission Certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet in the space provided. No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.

Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to.

Attempts of questions shall be counted in sequential order. Unless struck off, attempt of a question shall be counted even if attempted partly. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet must be clearly struck off.

                                                               खण्ड A

                                                                          SECTION A

Q1. निम्नलिखित कथनों में से प्रत्येक का लगभग 150 शब्दों में समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए :

Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each:         10×5=50

(A)“ उपनिवेशवाद का व्यापारीकरण पर अपना ही एक विकृत तर्क था, क्योंकि विश्लेषण करने

पर यह ज्ञात होता है कि व्यापारीकरण प्राय: एक कृत्रिम और जबरन प्रक्रिया रही है।“

 “Colonialism had a twisted logic of its own for commercialization. It emerges on analysis to have been often an artificial and forced process.”                     10

(b) 1857 के उपरांत, “कृषक आंदोलनों में किसान एक प्रमुख शक्ति के रूप में उभरते हैं।” After 1857, “the peasants emerged as the main force in agrarian movements.”                  10

(c) “भारतीय जनमानस की जागृत राजनीतिक चेतना तथा अंग्रेज़ों के असम्मानजनक और कायरतापूर्ण अपमान ने असहयोग आंदोलन को जन्म दिया । “

“Awakened political consciousness of Indian masses, bound with dishonourable and cowardly insults of the British led to the movement of Non-Cooperation.”                          10

(d) जब गाँधीजी ने सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन की शुरुआत की तब उन्हें “बेसब्री से एक प्रभावी सूत्र की तलाश थी।“

When Gandhiji launched the Civil Disobedience Movement he was “desperately in search of an effective formula.”                                    10

(e)“सत्ता हस्तांतरण के समय अंग्रेजों द्वारा अपनी ज़िम्मेदारी का त्याग करना यदि संवेदनहीन था,

तो जिस गति से उसे सम्पादित किया गया उससे वह और भी बुरा बन गया ।”

“If abdication of British responsibility at the time of transfer of power

was callous, the speed with which it was done made it worse.”                   10

Q2.           (a) कर्नाटक युद्धों, आंग्ल–मैसूर युद्धों और आंग्ल–मराठा युद्धों ने फ्रांस को दक्षिण भारत में वर्चस्व की प्रतिद्वंद्विता से वस्तुतः बाहर कर दिया। चर्चा कीजिए ।

The Carnatic Wars, the Anglo-Mysore Wars and the Anglo-Maratha Wars had virtually eliminated the French from the contest of supremacy in South India. Discuss.                                20

(b) को भारतीय परिषद विधेयक, 1861 प्रस्तुत करते हुए अंग्रेज़ों का मत था कि भारत के लिए एकमात्र उपयुक्त सरकार ‘घर से नियंत्रित तानाशाही थी। टिप्पणी कीजिए ।

While introducing the Indian Councils Bill of 1861, the British thought that the only Government suitable for India is a despotism controlled from home’. Comment.                    20

(c) नील विद्रोह के पीछे मूल प्रश्न ‘वह संघर्ष है जिसमें रैयतों को कीमत प्रदान किए बिना नील के पौधों को उगाने के लिए विवश करना था । विश्लेषण कीजिए ।

The root of the whole question behind the Indigo Revolt is the struggle to make the raiyats grow indigo plants without paying them the price of it’. Analyse.                            10

Q3. (a) क्या आप सहमत हैं कि ‘परम्परागत भारतीय कारीगरों के उत्पादन में गिरावट एक दुखद, परन्तु अवश्यंभावी तथ्य था ? विवेचना कीजिए ।

Do you agree that the decline of traditional Indian artisan production was a fact, sad but inevitable’? Discuss.                        20

(b) भारत में आदिवासी और कृषक विद्रोहों का ऐतिहासिक महत्त्व ‘इस तथ्य में निहित है कि इन्होंने ब्रिटिश शासन का विरोध करने की एक सशक्त और महत्त्वपूर्ण परम्परा स्थापित की‘ । विवेचना कीजिए ।

The historical significance of tribal and peasant uprisings in India ‘lies in that they established strong and valuable traditions of resistance to British rule’. Discuss.                 20

‘राजनीतिक प्रचार तथा राष्ट्रवादी विचारधारा के निर्माण और प्रसार शिक्षा के उद्देश्यों को प्राप्त करने हेतु प्रेस एक प्रमुख माध्यम बना । टिप्पणी कीजिए ।

To accomplish the aims of education, ‘political propaganda and formation as well as propagation of nationalist ideology’, the press became the chief instrument. Comment.         20

Q4.(a) सामाजिक–धार्मिक सुधार आंदोलनों का सर्वस्वीकृत दृष्टिकोण केवल एक ‘शुद्ध दार्शनिक चिंतन नहीं था; इसने तत्कालीन राजनीतिक और सामाजिक नज़रिए को अत्यधिक प्रभावित किया। परीक्षण कीजिए ।

The universalist perspective of socio-religious reform movements was not a ‘purely philosophic concern; it strongly influenced the political and social outlook of the time’. Examine.                20

(b) काँग्रेस सोशलिस्ट पार्टी का मन्तव्य काँग्रेस से अलग होना नहीं था, अपितु ‘इसका उद्देश्य काँग्रेस और राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन को समाजवादी दिशा प्रदान करना था। विश्लेषण कीजिए ।

The Congress Socialist Party agenda was not to cut off from the Congress, but intended to give the Congress and the national movement a socialist direction’. Analyse.                     20

(c) गुटों में विभक्त हैदराबाद का दलित नेतृत्व किस प्रकार 1948 से 1953 के मध्य गहन पुनर्गठन के दौर से गुज़रा ?

How did the factionalised Dalit leadership in Hyderabad undergo a period of intense re-organization between 1948 and 1953 ?                  10

                                                                      खण्ड B

                                                                            SECTION B

Q5. निम्नलिखित कथनों में से प्रत्येक का लगभग 150 शब्दों में समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए :

Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each:         10×5=50

(a) “ अमेरिकी स्वतंत्रता का युद्ध अंततोगत्वा 1783 में तब समाप्त हुआ जब ब्रिटेन ने संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका की स्वतंत्रता को स्वीकृति प्रदान की ।“

“The American War of Independence finally ended in 1783 when Britain acknowledged the independence of the United States of America.”    10

(b) “चार्टिस्ट आंदोलन ने न केवल मध्य वर्ग की कुछ माँगों को पूरा किया, अपितु इसके प्रभावों को श्रमिक वर्ग और उपनिवेशों में भी महसूस किया गया ।”

“The Chartist Movement not only fulfilled some of the demands of the middle class, but its ramifications were felt among the working class and the colonies as well.”                10

(c) “ 1848 के आंदोलनों को प्रजातंत्र और राष्ट्रवाद के विचारों से गढ़ा गया था । “

“The Revolutions of 1848 were shaped by the ideas of democracy and nationalism.”       10

(d) “ 1867 से 1902 के मध्य दक्षिण अफ्रीका में ब्रिटिश साम्राज्यवाद काफी हद तक पूँजीवादी व्यवस्था द्वारा हीरों के खनन से प्रभावित था।“

“The British imperialism in South Africa from 1867 to 1902 was influenced to a large extent by the capitalist mining of diamonds.”               10

(e) “शीत युद्ध की समाप्ति के उपरांत यू. एस. ए. की प्रभुसत्ता की अपनी चुनौतियाँ भी थीं ।“

“The supremacy of USA after the end of Cold War had its challenges as well.”      10

Q6

. (a) दार्शनिकों और विचारकों ने फ्रांसीसी क्रांति की नींव भले ही रखी हो, परन्तु यह सामाजिक और आर्थिक कारणों से उपजी थी। व्याख्या कीजिए ।

The philosophers and thinkers may have laid the foundation of the French Revolution, but it was precipitated by social and economic reasons. Explain.    20

(b) मार्क्सवादी समाजवाद स्वयं को एक ऐसा वैज्ञानिक समाजवादी सिद्धांत मानता है जो मानव के इतिहास की व्याख्या करने में सक्षम है। विवेचना कीजिए ।

Marxian socialism claims itself to be a scientific socialist theory capable of explaining the history of humankind. Discuss.                                       20

(C) ज्ञानोदय मात्र वैज्ञानिक क्रांति तक सीमित नहीं था, अपितु मानवतावाद और प्रगति के विचार

भी इसके अभिन्न घटक थे । परीक्षण कीजिए । 

Enlightenment was not confined to scientific revolution alone, but humanism and ideas of progress too were its inseparable constituents. Examine.               20

Q7.    (a)मध्य वर्ग की विश्व दृष्टि पर औद्योगिक क्रांति का प्रभाव एडम स्मिथ, थॉमस माल्थस और जेरेमी बेन्थम के विचारों में प्रतिबिंबित होता है। टिप्पणी कीजिए ।

 The impact of industrial revolution on the middle class world view is reflected in the views of Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and Jeremy Bentham. Comment.       20

(b) 1848 से 1870 में रोम के कब्ज़े तक इटली के एकीकरण के विभिन्न चरणों की विवेचना कीजिए ।

Discuss the different stages of the unification of Italy from 1848 to the occupation of Rome in 1870.    20

(c)  वर्साय की संधि में द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बीज समाहित थे। परीक्षण कीजिए ।

The Treaty of Versailles contained in itself the seeds of the Second World War. Examine.  10

Q8. (a)“जब द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध समाप्त हुआ तब संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ समय की आवश्यकता थी । ” इसकी उपलब्धियों और कमियों का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए ।         20

“UNO was the necessity of the time when the World War II ended.” Critically examine its achievements and shortcomings.

(b) दक्षिण–पूर्व एशिया में उपनिवेश विरोधी आंदोलन की शुरुआत के ऐतिहासिक कारण थे सांस्कृतिक अंतर, पाश्चात्य शिक्षा का प्रसार तथा साम्यवादी विचारों का उद्भव । – विवेचना कीजिए ।                             20

The historical causes for the rise of anti-colonial movement in South-East Asia were cultural differences, spread of western education and the emergence of Communist ideas. Discuss.

(c) अरब राष्ट्रवाद मात्र एक सांस्कृतिक आंदोलन नहीं था, अपितु यह एक उपनिवेश विरोधी संघर्ष भी था। टिप्पणी कीजिए ।                                 

Arab nationalism was not only a cultural movement, but also an anti-colonial struggle. Comment..    10